不定式和动名词概述.docVIP

不定式和动名词 不定式和动名词做主语和主语补语 不定式和动名词都可以做主语，有时没有显著的区别。 Reading/To read widely is essential to language learning. 大量阅读对语言学习十分重要。 指具体的事，特别是未来的动作，多用不定式。 To ignore his advice would be a mistake 忽视他的劝告是错误的。 表示抽象的一般的动作，多用动名词。 Selling insurance is a pretty boring job. 推销保险单是件十分令人厌烦的工作。 注意：如句中的补语用了动名词，主语也用动名词，补语用了不定式，主语也要不定式。 To know her is to like her. 一旦熟悉了她，就会喜欢她。 不定式短语作主语时，常常置于句末，在句首用先行词it. It surprised me to hear she was leaving. 听到她要走，我很惊讶。 动名词短语作主语时，多置于句首，但有时也可用先行词主语it。 It is foolish behaving like that. 那样的行为很愚蠢。 注意：在it is no good/use, it is a waste of time/effort, it is worthwhile等结构中，后面通常要用动名词短语。 It’s no good hoping for their help. 盼望他们的帮助没有用。 许多形容词已经名词化了，它们像其他名词一样可以被限定词，形容词或另一个名词所修饰。 Does slow talking point to slow mental development. 说话慢意味着智力发展迟缓吗？ Cigarette smoking is dangerous to your health. 吸烟有害健康。 注意：动名词带有冠词后，不能再直接跟宾语。可以说the writing of the letter,不可说the writing the letter. 某些动名词短语可在there be 结构中作主语。要记住这类结构只用于否定句。 There is no denying that he is right. 不定式和动名词短语都可以在系动词后作补语，使用情况与作主语时一样。 The important thing is to save/saving lives. 要紧的是救人。 一般说来。提及某人的建议、意愿、目的等时，多用不定式。 Her wish is to become a pop singer. 她的愿望是成为流行歌曲歌手。 抽象地表示某种行为，如在answer, concern, danger, difficulty, habit, mistake,等后，多用动名词。 One of his bad habits is biting his nails. 他的坏习惯之一是咬指甲。 不定式作补语的时候，如果主语部分是含有动词do的从句，不定式可以不带to. What it does is (to) cool the engine. 它的作用是使发动机冷却。 The thing to do now is (to) clear up the mess. 现在要做的事是把脏东西清理掉。 只与不定式连用或只与动名词连用的动词 不定式和动名词短语都可以作动词的宾语。但有的动词后要求由不定式短语作宾语。如：ache, agree, aim, attempt, ask, appear, arrange, afford, beg, be said, be reported, be supposed, claim, care, consent, decide, demand, desire, deserve, dare, expect, endeavor, fail, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, manage, need, neglect, offer, pledge, promise, plan, prepare, pretend, refuse, require, resolve, strive, seem, swear, tend, threaten, venture, volunteer, want, wish, wait, 等。 Would you care to visit us this weekend? 你愿意本周末到我们这儿来玩吗？ He chose not to go home until later. 他决定晚点回家。 The manager desires to