Oncology introduction.pptVIP

In the clinic * Oncology: Basic Concepts Student’s Study Guide What is ONCOLOGY? An area/branch of medicine that deals with the study and treatment of cancer. Onco = onkos (Greek) = tumor -logy = study of ONCOLOGIST = specialist in Oncology What is CANCER? It refers to a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells (American Cancer Society – ACS). 1.They stop growing when they come in contact with each other. 2. They stay in the same organ. Normal cell behavior CANCER CELLS Cancer cells keeps on dividing and growing. They produce masses of tissue known as tumors or neoplasms. (Uncontrolled growth) Finally, they also spread to other organs (metastasis) NEOPLASIA: The process of abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells (NEOPLASTIC = adj) EXAMPLES OF CANCER breast cancer prostate cancer lung cancer esophageal cancer gastric cancer colorectal cancer WHAT CAUSES CANCER? CARCINOGEN (CARCINOGENIC - Adj) a substance or agent that causes cancer HOW? By causing PERMANENT and IRREPARABLE (cannot be repaired) damage in the genetic material. GENETIC MUTATION (mutation = change) a CAUSES OF CANCER internal/ intrinsic (host factors) external/ extrinsic factors 1.BIOLOGIC - Viruses (HIV – Kaposi’s Sarcoma) 2.BIOCHEMICALPROCESS non-biologic Chemical Fd preservatives Smoking PHYSICAL Radiation 1. ONCOGENES 2. DEFECTIVE SUPPRESSOR GENES 3. Precancerous Conditions ONCOGENES – genes that can cause cancer SUPPRESSOR GENES - genes that can stop cancer CANCER CELLS 1. May be repaired 2. Cell dies 3. Cell is killed If not… PERMANENT continue to grow invade other tissues or organs then… TYPES OF TUMORS Benign Malignant (cancer or malignancy) 1 1 2 2 3. have a capsule (encapsulated) 3. no capsule (that’s why they spread) 4. cells are anaplastic (immature) anaplasia – has not undergone G D 4. cells are usually diffentiated (mature) differentiation – G D Types of Malignant Tumors/ Cancer CARCINOMA CELLS THAT COVER EXTERNAL