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第七讲 被动语态
英语中被动语态使用范围极为广泛,尤其以科技英语为甚。凡是在不必说出主动者、不愿说出主动者、无从说出主动者或者是为了便于连贯上下文等场合,往往都用被动语态。汉语中虽也有被动语态的句子,但使用范围狭窄得多。
被动语态的处理
a) Many people think birth control is quite necessary in China.
b) It is widely (commonly) thought/believed/held/accepted) that birth control is quite necessary in China.
a) More and more people agree (realize/are aware) that women should enjoy full equality with men.
b) There is a growing agreement (realization/awareness) that women should enjoy full equality with men.
a) Many Chinese people have gone to the United States in the past 15 years.
b) The past 15 years have brought many Chinese people to the United States.
a) We almost forget this event.
b) This event is now almost fading from our memory.
a) Students should certainly make continuous efforts.
b) Continuous efforts on the part of students are certainly required.
a) We easily drew the conclusion through the investigation.
b) The investigation easily led us to the conclusion.
不要千篇一律地使用主动态(英语中被动结构的使用频率远高于汉语),如例11中的a)。 a) We are making great efforts to improve our English.
b) Great efforts are being made to improve our English.
a) We know very little about the nature of human beings.
b) Little is known about the nature of human beings.
a) Because of social demands, there appear many evening schools.
b) Mo existence by social demands.
a) We may think more of the elderly who live apart from their children.
b) More thought may be given to the elderly who live apart from their children.
1. 常见的汉译英被动语态
广泛应用被动语态,是英语的特点之一,而在汉语中被动语态使用较少。如:
例1:这个问题解决了。
This problem has been solved.
例2:这座电站今年年底造好。
The construction of this power station will be completed by the end of the year.
例3:这个规定不得违反。
This regulation should not be violated.
例4:这件事至今还没得出正确的结论。
So far no correct conclusion has been drawn on the matter.
从语法上讲,英语被动语态的各种用法都有一定的理由。这些理由正是在汉译英时使用被动语态的依据。从汉英对比的角度看,下述几方面值得我们特别注意:
汉语中的完全被动态(真正的被动态)用表示被动的助词“被”或跟“被”意义相同的“受”、“由”、“遭”、“给”、“挨”、“叫”、“让”、“为……所……”等构成。用完全被动态的句子一般要相
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