1-1_科技英语方案.ppt

* （4）广泛使用非谓语形式 非谓语动词在句子中可以起到名词，形容词或副词作用，动词的非谓语形式分为动名词,分词(包括现在分词、过去分词),动词不定式。 ① 动名词 Changing resistance is a method for controlling the flow of the current. 改变电阻是控制电流的一种方法。 * ② 分词 现在分词短语替代从句中的主动语态 过去分词短语替代从句中的被动语态 1)Today the electronic computer is widely used in solving mathematical problems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit. 2)A three-phase circuit(电路), as pointed out above, is merely a combination of three single-phase circuits. 正如上面所指出的那样，三相电路只不过是三个单相电路的组合。 ③ 不定式 用不定式短语来替代表示目的和功能的从句或语句 The capacity of individual generators is larger and larger to satisfy the increasing demand of electric power. 单台发电机的容量越来越大，目的就是满足不断增长的用电需求。 * 非谓语动词 In the process of controlling the fire district in coal mine, radon detection is the key technique for determining the right fire source of spontaneous combustion(自燃). Collection of the temperature information from fire district is crucial in deciding the fire fighting parameters and fire fighting protocol(方案). By using the technique for determining the accurate fire source and temperature detecting technique at the same time, reliable criteria for prediction and forecasting the fire district in mine could be provided. The cost of fire fighting could be saved , and efficiency could be raised. * 大量使用名词化结构是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实, 而非某一行为。 (5)大量使用名称化结构 The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。 * 名词化结构 the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves (通过无线电波来发射和接收活动物体的图像)； the generation of heat by friction (摩擦生热)。 * 三、科技英语形态方面的特点 由于科技文侧重于叙述科技内容，很少涉及动作发生的时间，科技英语在时态运用上多用现在时和过去时，少量完成时。尤其是多用一般现在时，以表述无时间性的科学定义、定理、公式、现象、过程等。 一般现在时，适用于： 1、经常性的动作，例如 The crude oil passes down pipe-line. 2、普遍的真理，例如 Water freezes at 0℃. 3 、对事实的陈述和观察，例如 This type of vinegar(醋） contains about 3％ acid. 4、描述实验过程，例如 The temperature rises until it reaches 100 ℃,but after that it remains constant. *