ESC110-3rd-ch04.pptVIP

Chapter Four Readings Objectives Chapter Four Key Terms McGraw-Hill Course Glossary Chapter Four - Topics Population growth Limits to growth: some opposing views Human demography Population growth: opposing factors Demographic transition Family planning and fertility control The future of human populations Part 1: Population Growth Current Birth and Death Rates Every second: about 4 children are born, while about 2 other people die Net gain: 2.3 humans added to the world population every second, 72 million added every year Fig. 4.3 Part 2: Limits to Growth Varying Perspectives Overpopulation causes resource depletion and environmental degradation Human ingenuity and technology will allow us to overcome any problems - more people may be beneficial Resources are sufficient to meet everyones needs - shortages are the result of greed, waste, and oppression Part 3: Human Demography Demography - vital statistics about people, such as births and deaths Two demographic worlds Less-developed counties represent 80% of the world population, but more than 90% of projected growth Richer countries tend to have negative growth rates Fertility and Birth Rates Fecundity - physical ability to reproduce Fertility - the actual production of offspring Crude birth rate - number of births per year per thousand people Total fertility rate - number of children born to an average woman during her reproductive life Zero population growth (ZPG) - occurs when births + immigration just equal deaths + emigration Living Longer: Demographic Implications A population growing by natural increase has more young people than does a stationary population. Dependency ratio - the number of nonworking individuals compared to working individuals - declining in countries such as the U.S. and Japan If current trends continue, by 2100 the median age in the U.S. will be 60. Part 4: Population Growth -Opposing Factors Pronatalist pressures Factors that increase peoples desires to have children Birth red