Imposing personalities.pptVIP

ATP: Social Psychology: Lecture 19 Imposing personalities Lecture contents Subjective Expected Utility Goal theory Self-discrepancy theory The origin and development of goals Personal strivings Subjective Expected Utility (SEU) Edward Tolman Impressed with “persistence until” nature of action. Suggestive of expectancies that persistence will lead to valued outcomes. Julian Rotter Behaviour potential (likelihood of performance) is a function of (subjective) expectancy (expected consequences) and (subjective) reinforcement value (of those consequences). Consequence probability and value to be calculated for each possible behaviour. Most research looks at choice among a limited number of action options. Goal theory 1. Goals and plans Goals: persistent, valued, possible, necessary Plans: instrumental, contingent 2. The A(?)BC of goal-motivated behaviour Cognitive representation of plans and goals, plus Expectation that goal attainment will be valuable Expectation is a cognition. (Rewarding/valuable) Goal necessarily affective? Affect necessary as a cause of ertia? Behaviour potential. 3. Goals occur in systems Means and Ends Pham Taylor (1999) Mental simulation of ‘good process,’ ‘good outcome,’ both, or neither. Including ‘process’ improved hours studying and studying intention-behaviour deficit. Sole outcome focus worsened exam score. Important jargon Multidetermination Goals interact to produce single outcomes. Equipotentiality The same goal may be satisfied in various ways. Equifinality Different goals can be satisfied by the same outcome. Higgins’ (1989) self-discrepancy theory Motivation from goals and progress evaluationBandura Cervone (1983) Motivation from dissatisfaction and efficacyBandura Cervone (1983) Where do goals come from? Hedonism Classical and operant conditioning Functional autonomy Choice Emmon’s personal strivings Form coherent patterns of goals. Goals may be domain-specific, e.g., pleasant in social interactions. Striving (clust