第二讲虚拟语气、从句探究.ppt

* the subjunctive虚拟语气： ◆虚拟语气的构成形式： ▲用在条件句中： 与现在事实相反： would （ could，might ,should）等 +动词原形 一般过去时（be用were ） 主句 从句 与过去事实相反： would （ could，might, should）等 +have V－ed 过去完成时 主句 从句 与将来事实相反： would （ could，might, should）等 +动词原形 Should/were to V(有时也可用过去时) 主句 从句 例： 1. If they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在这儿，会帮助你的。 含义： They are not here, they can’t help you. 2. If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.如果他昨天来的话，我会把这件事告诉他的。 含义： He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. 3. 如果你将来成功了，一切都会好的。 If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 含义： You are not likely to succeed, everything will be what it is now. ▲混合条件句 1. 如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 　 （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） 2. 如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。 　 If it had rained last night（过去）, it would be very cold today （现在）. ▲虚拟条件句的倒装 　　虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if，再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首，实行倒装。例如： 1. If they were here now, they could help us.他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。 Were they here now, they could help us. 　 2. If you had come earlier, you would have met him.你来得早一点，就碰到他了。 Had you come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved. Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。 注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。例如： 　　 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。 　　 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。 　　 典型例题 　 _____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I　　 B. I were　C. Were I　D. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Werent I to do。 ▲在wish及if only 中的用法 Would/could/might+V原形 在主动词之后产生