第二讲虚拟语气1探究.ppt

虚拟语气 虚拟语气概念 用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。 语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 陈述语气 用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑 问或感叹等形式。 Flowers blossom in spring. The yellow leaves are falling in the autumn wind. 祈使语气 表示号召、命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等。 Let us help you. Do drop in to see us. Keep off the grass. 虚拟语气 表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种 非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。它表达的是怀疑、忧虑、推测、假设、想象或祝愿等。 Mother told me to put on my sweater lest I should catch cold If I were you,I would not leave her alone. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用 如果假设的情况与事实相反，或是根本不可能发生或是发生的可能性很小，这就是非真实条件句，即虚拟条件句。 If I have time, I will come over to see you. If I had time, I would come over to see you. He wouldnt feel so cold if he were indoors. I am sorry I am very busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go to the movies with you. The conference wouldnt have been so successful if we hadnt made adequate preparation. If I were to see him, I would speak to him about it. 口译练习 1.如果我现在有钱的话，我会尽力帮助这个贫穷的孩子。 2.如果明天下雨，我们将不去公园了。 3.如果我采纳了你的建议，我就不会犯这么多错误了。 4. 如果他在那里的话，这事就不会发生了。 注：1. 在if引导的非真实条件句中，if可 以省略，但是需要倒装（从句位于主句前）,即将were, had或 should移至主语的前面形成倒装，但否定词not不前移。 If he had been warned, he would not have taken that food. =Had he been warned, he would not have taken that food. What would happen if the earth were to stop turning? =Were the earth to stop turning, what would happen? 例： 1. ___, he would not have recovered so quickly. A.????Hadnt he been taken good care of B.????Had he not been taken good care of C.????Had not he been taken good care of D.????Had he been not taken good care of 2．某些介词without / but for等或连词 otherwise等表示含蓄条件，需用虚拟语气。 Without air, we would not live even for five minutes. =If there were no air, we would not live even for five minutes. But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. =If it had not been for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. Jack can’t have arrived yet; otherwise he would have telephoned me. =Jack can’t have arrived yet; if he had arrived, he would have