病理生理学 (pathophysiology) 病理生理学是一门研究患病机 …课件.ppt

* Chapter 1(2) Conspectus of Disease 1.Concepts of health and disease 2.Etiology 3.Pathogenesis (1)The definition of health from WHO: health indicates not only without any evidence of disease, but also a state of complete well-being physically, mentally and socially. Biomedical model→Bio-psycho-social medical model (2)Senescence: (3)Sub-health/chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): a situation, in which the person does not show specific symptoms and signs of disease, but lives a low-quality of life both physically and mentally. 1. Concepts of health and disease (4)Disease: An abnormal life process which is induced by disorders of homeostasis under the action of certain causes and conditions. A pathologic process with disturbances of function, metabolism, and structure in the body, which are manifested by a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. 2. Etiology Etiology studies the contributing factors that cause diseases including causative, predisposing, and precipitating factors. (1)Etiological factors / Causes of diseases (2)Conditions for / Precipitating factors of disease (3) Predisposing factors of disease (1)Etiological factors /Causes of diseases ①A etiological factor causes a disease and determines its characteristics. ② Classification of etiological factors Biological factors Physical factors Chemical factors Nutritional factors Immunological factors Hereditary factors Congenital factors Social and psychological factors Biological factors Biological agents: microorganisms (such as bacteria, virus, fungi, rickettsia, spirochete, etc.), parasites, and their toxins and metabolic products. Physical factors Physical agents include mechanical injuries, extremes of temperature, electricity and radiation. Chemical factors Chemical agents: can damage cells by varies pathways. For instance, corrosive chemicals, such as strong acids and alkalis, can destroy cells at the site of contact. Other chemical