先进材料连接技术-材料连接技术概况.ppt

* 等离子弧焊（PAW） 目前广泛采用压缩电弧的方法，是将产生钨极氩弧的钨极缩入到焊枪的喷嘴内部，并在喷嘴中通入等离子气（通常是氩气），强制电弧从喷嘴的孔道通过，如图所示。 三种压缩作用 喷嘴孔道的机械压缩 离子气冷气流的热收缩 弧柱自身电磁产生的磁收缩 压缩结果 弧柱的导电界面缩小 电流密度增大 * 等离子弧焊利用弧柱等离子体热来加热金属； 自由钨弧利用两电极区产生的热来加热母材和电极金属。 等离子弧焊（PAW） 等离子弧能量密度可达105~106W/cm2，比自由钨弧（约105W/cm2 以下）高，其温度可达18000~24000K，也高于自由钨弧（约5000~8000K）很多。 等离子弧焊和自由钨弧的区别 * 等离子弧焊（PAW） 等离子弧焊和自由钨弧的区别 * Two distinctly different welding modes are possible with the plasma arc welding process, as they also are with the high-energy beam processes of laser beam and electron beam welding: the “melt-in mode” or “conduction mode” and the “keyhole mode”. In the melt-in mode, heating of the workpiece occurs by conduction of heat from the plasma’s contact with the workpiece surface inward. This mode is good for joining thin sections (e.g., 0.025-1.5mm), for making fine welds at low currents, or for joining thicker sections (up to 3mm) at high currents. 等离子弧焊（PAW） * In the keyhole mode, the high energy density of a very high-current plasma vaporizes a cavity through the workpiece and creates a weld by moving the keyhole. Molten metal surrounding the intensely hot vapor cavity is drawn by surface tension or capillary forces to fill the cavity at the trailing edge of the weld pool. This mode is excellent for welding applications requiring deep penetration, to approximately 20mm. The single greatest disadvantages of PAW is the required equipments. Power sources, gas controllers, and torches are all complicated and expensive, and the torches tend to be large, making handling difficult during manual operation. 等离子弧焊（PAW） * 等离子弧焊的分类 按焊缝成形原理分类 1. 小孔型等离子弧焊 (a) 利用等离子弧对一定厚度范围内的金属进行单面焊背面成形的焊接技术。焊接时，利用等离子弧能量密度大和等离子流吹力大的特点，将工件完全熔透，并在熔池上产生一个贯穿焊件的小孔，等离子弧通过小孔从背面喷出，被熔化的金属在电弧吹力、液体金属重力和表面张力相互作用下保持平衡。随着焊枪前移，小孔也跟随前移，熔化金属因表面张力作用而依附在等离子弧周围的固体金属壁面上，并且由于电弧的作用不断地沿着小孔周围向后推动，随即填满原先的小孔而凝结成均匀的焊缝，这种过程称小孔效应。 (b) 焊接电流、等离子气流量是关键，不然，焊接变切割。 (c) 小孔型等离子弧焊只能在有限板厚内进行。 2. 熔透型等离子弧焊 只熔化工件而不产生小孔效应的一种焊接技术。当等离子气流量比小孔法焊接时小，弧柱压缩程度较弱时，电弧穿透能力不足以形成小孔，其焊接过程就和一般TIG焊相似，焊件靠熔池的热传导实现熔透。