常见的八种逻辑关系级翻译技巧.doc

常见的八种逻辑关系 1，并列关系: and, and also, or, neither…nor, either…or, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, same…as 2，递进关系: then, also, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more 3，因果关系: because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so(such) … that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, in response to, with, for this reason, lead to, too…to 4，转折关系: but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of 5，让步关系: although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of 6，列举关系: first—second—last of all, first—then, to begin with—to continue/next, on one hand—on the other hand, for one thing—for another thing, one—another, some—others—still others 7，举例关系: such as, for example, for instance, of these/those/them, among these/those/them, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely 8，总结关系: in all, in brief, in short, in a word, in conclusion, altogether, to sum up, to summarize, to conclude, to generalize, to put it in one word 翻译技巧 技巧之一：“定语从句”的翻译 总的原则: ”长后短前” (和主句比) 类定语从句:1)、限定性 (没逗号);2)、非限定性 (有逗号). 1)、限定性定语从句:A. 较短 --- 直译为前置定语, 并加”的”; e.g. It is the book which interets me.这是一本我感兴趣(的)书. B. 较长 --- 译为另一个分句, 重复先行词; e.g. They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他们正在为实现一个理想而努力, 这个理想是每个中国人所珍惜的, 在过去, 许多中国人曾为这个理想牺牲了自己的生命. (重复先行词”理想”) 2) 非限定性定语从句: A. 较短 --- 直译为前置定语, 加”的”; e.g. But Miggles laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence. 但是米格尔富有感染力的笑声打破了静默. B. 较长 --- 译为并列分句, 重复先行词或用代词替代. e.g. I told the story to John, who told it to his brother. 我把这件事告诉了约翰, 约翰(他)又告诉了他的弟弟. (重复先行词约翰或用代词”他”替代) 技巧之二：“同位语从句”的翻译 四种翻译方法: 1)、译为独立的句子; 2)、“名转动, 从变宾”; 3)、 “这、那复指”; 4)、主谓词组作定语. 1)、译为独立的句子: 适用条件: 同位语较长, 或以插入语形式出现,或同时满足以上两者.