K3fattyacidsynthesis学案.ppt

K 3 Fatty acid synthesis acyl carrier protein (ACP) 酰基载体蛋白 carboxylation 羧化 malonyl CoA 丙二酸单酰CoA acetyl CoA carboxylase 乙酰CoA羧化酶 phosphopantetheine 磷酸泛酰巯基乙醇 condensation 缩合 dehydration 脱水 thioesterase 硫脂酶 desaturase 去饱和酶 Obesity is a significant risk factor for major diseases including Type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension and certain forms of cancer . Obesity arises when energy intake, principally stored as triacylglycerole, exceeds energy expenditure. Homeostatic regulation of energy balance in mammals. Overview of fat and sugar synthesis and breakdown pathways. Q2: Why triacylglycerole will be over? 1 Overview The differences between fatty acid synthesis breakdown Synthesis Breakdown Site cytosol mitochondria Hydrogen carrier NADPH NADH/FADH2 Fatty acid linker acyl carrier protein CoA Enzyme single multifunctional separated Precursor acetyl CoA fatty acid 脂肪酸合成酶系(multifunctional enzyme) 2 Transport into the cytosol Fatty acids are synthesized in the cytosol, but acetyl CoA is produced from pyruvate (丙酮酸）in the mitochondria. The acetyl CoA must be transferred from the mitochondria into the cytosol. This problem is overcome by the condensation of acetyl CoA with oxaloacetate （草酰乙酸）to form citrate（柠檬酸）—— Pyruvate-citrate cycle （丙酮酸-柠檬酸循环） Pyruvate Pyruvate carboxylase Oxaloacetate Citrate Citrate lyase Malate Pyruvate-citrate cycle （丙酮酸-柠檬酸循环） 3 The pathway Activation: Carboxylation （羧化）of acetyl CoA to form malonyl CoA （丙二酸单酰CoA）catalyzed by acetyl CoA carboxylase (乙酰CoA羧化酶, ACC): Biotin Malonyl-CoA serves as t