《英汉翻译中的语篇意识.pptVIP

英汉翻译中的语篇意识 语篇的研究对象是比句子更大的语言单位，如一段话，一篇文章或一部作品。 无论在英文原文还是在译文中，任何句子都不是孤立存在的，而都是各自语篇的有机组成部分。 译者在翻译过程中切不可脱离语篇孤立地去考虑字句的理解与表达，而必须以语篇统辖字句，从语篇分析的角度斟酌字句的意义，琢磨转换的规律，探讨再现的途径。 一，明确原文的指代关系： 以代词为例，英语中代词的使用频率大大高于汉语。使用代词可以避免单词的重复和句子的臃肿，但有时也会出现指代欠明确的现象，翻译中如果照搬，势必会给译文读者造成理解障碍。 因此，译者应通过语境来明确指代关系！ You must remember, my dear mother, that I have never considered this matter as certain. I have had my doubts, I confess; but they are fainter than they were, and they may soon be entirely done away. 你应该记住，我的好妈妈，我从来没有把事情看得一定如此。我承认我有疑虑，但是不像以前那么重了，也许很快就会彻底打消。 要在译文中明确指代关系： It may seem strange to put into the same packet an industrial revolution and two political revolutions. But the fact is that they were all social revolutions. 把一场工业革命同两次政治革命归作一类似乎有点奇怪，但事实上这三次革命都是社会革命。 Two things are outstanding in the creation of the English system of canals, and they characterize all the Industrial Revolution. 在修建英国的运河网的过程中，有两点是非常突出的，而这两点也正是整个工业革命的特点。 Henry Ford did not invent the automobile, but he was the first man to mass-produce it, and this made it availed to the ordinary man. 汽车不是亨利.福特发明的，但他确是使用机器大量生产汽车的第一人，从而使普通老百姓也能拥有汽车。 Foreigners sometimes draw the conclusion that Americans are wealthier than they are because they have such things as vacation houses or beautiful landscaped garden. 外国人有时会得出这样的结论：美国人比他们富，因为美国人有度假屋、景观美丽的花园等等。 英语的某个语言成分出现一次后，再出现时常被省略，这种省略有时也给译者的理解带来困难，译者须结合语篇中的上下文，做出正确的理解和传译！ In a riot of scuba（水肺） bubbles, tourist and guide plunged 110 feet into an underwater cavern. And true to his words, the guide darted through the gloom, chasing sleek five foot long shadows. Not to worry. In the spectacular undersea world off Palau, the sharks are as laid back as the local residents. And who wouldn’t be? Slung cross the Pacific 800 miles southeast of Guam, the string of islands—eight inhabited, 200 or more still unpopulated---make up one of those increasingly rare commodities,