2时态语态.docxVIP

第二讲：时态语态【时态基本知识讲解】英语动词有16种时态。现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般do/doesdidwill /shall dowould do 进行am/is/are doingwas/were doingwill be doingwould be doing完成have/has donehad donewill have donewould have done完成进行have/has been doinghad been doingWill have been doingwould have been doing一、一般时态：（1）一般现在时：do / does 表示习惯性、现在反复出现的动作或者是状态。表示客观真理或普遍真理 表示按照计划、规定要发生的动作，往往是由自然、日历或时刻表规定而不变或难以改变的且周而复始循环进行的情况。e.g. The plane takes off at 15:05. School usually begins in September.在时间状语从句（句子中有before; until; when; while;as等来连接）、条件状语从句（if；unless）中，通常要满足“主将从现”。（★★★）e.g. If you make progress in this mid-term exams, I will send you a present. When I arrives the gate of the East Lake, I will call you.标志词：often ; always; usually; sometimes; every day/ month/ year…; in the morning/ afternoon/ evening(2)一般过去时 ：did 表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或者反复发生的动作。 有时候，发生的时间并没有清楚的表明，但实际上是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。 时间状语：yesterday; ago; in those days; in 1995;the next day; the other day;at the age of 12; the day before yesterday; last week/ month/ year… (3)一般将来时 be going to do五种表达方式 will/ shall do be to do be doing be about to do…(when…)/ be on the point of doing(…when…)am/is/are doing（★★★）现在进行时表将来主要是集中在一些表示位移的单词：go ; come; leave; arrive; start; begin; take;be about to do…正要做某事，通常会和“when”一起连用，构成“正准备做某事……突然”（★★★） e.g. I am about to have a shower when the electricity is cut off.补充： be about to do … when… (正准备做某事……突然……) be on the point of doing … when… （正要去做……突然……） be doing… when…（正在做……突然……） had /has done…when…（刚做完……突然……）二、进行时态：（★★★★）现在进行时态 ： am/is / are doing表示说话时正在进行的动作;表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻动作不一定正在进行。时间标志：now, at this moment; these days; at present常与always; all the time; forever 等词连用时，有一定的感情色彩，如不满、抱怨、厌恶、赞赏等。（★★★） e.g. The boy is always crying. (不满) She is always finding faults with others. （不满） The lady is always thinking of others.（赞赏）过去进行时态： was/ were doing表示过去的某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作;表示一个动作发生时，另外一个动作正在进行 e.g. The electricity was cut off when she was taking a shower. 时间标志： at that time; at this time yesterday; at ten o’clock yesterd