初三英语定语从句讲解和练习知识精讲　外研社.doc

初三英语定语从句讲解和练习知识精讲　外研社 【同步教育信息】 一. 本周教学内容 定语从句讲解和练习 二. 重难点讲解 定语从句 （一）概念： He is the boy who often goes to school late. 先行词 关系词 定语从句 关系代词： that， which， who， whom， whose（定语） 注：在定语从句中作主语或作宾语。 关系副词： when， where， why， how。 注：在定语从句中作状语。 （二）原则： a. 定语从句必须紧跟在先行词后面，限制修饰先行词。 b. 定语从句必须用关系词来引导。 c. 关系词在定语从句中作一个句子成分。 （三）定语从句可分为两大类，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 ① 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话，主句的意思就不完整，意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词（不用逗号隔开）如： I was the only person in my office who was invited. ② 非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词起补充，说明的作用，也就是说即便去掉定语从句，句意也不受影响。主从句之间常用逗号分开，且非限制性定语从句不能用that来引导。 This was the American Civil War, which lasted 4 years before the North won in the end. He was taken to another room, where he found a wounded boy, who was dying. （四）引导词：关系代词与关系副词 She is the old woman whom I saw this morning. Mary is the girl whose parents work in Japan. Is this the key which you are looking for? October 1, 1949 is the day when New China was founded. This is the house where the great man was born. I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today. （1）who 指人，在定语从句中作主语/宾语，不能省略。 His father is the person who will be most unhappy. 他父亲将是感到最不高兴的人。 （2） whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。 Do you know Mr. Zhang whom they like very much? 你认识他们非常喜欢的张先生吗？ （3）whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。 He is the only student in our class whose father is a policeman. 他是我们班唯一一个爸爸是警察的学生。 （4）which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，指物可与that 互换；做宾语时可省略。如果作介词宾语，且介词提前，则不能省略，也不能替换为that。 This is the magazine about which we were talking. = This is the magazine（which/= that）we were talking about. This is the room（which/ that）I painted last week.（作宾语可省略） （5）that指物/人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，指人可与who替换；指物可与which 替换。做宾语时可以省略。 The book that（=which）cost me a lot of money is interesting. The hero that（=who）saved me from the fire is a PLA man. The book（that/ which）I bought yesterday is well written. 下列定语从句只能用that来引导： 1. 先行词为形容词最高级所修饰This is the longest bridge that I have ever seen. 2. 先行词为序数词所修饰I happened to be the thousandth guest that visited the great hotel.