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NOUNS AND THE USE OF THEII In the last unit,we discussed the use of the before proper nouns.Now,let’s look at some more types of nouns and the use of articlesa;an;the before them 1 Using the before abstract nouns Abstract nouns are the names of things you cant visualize.They are usually the names of a condition or quality,such as realibility;attention;and knowledge.In other words you cant form a picture of these words without attaching them to some personal experience of your own.A noun is usually abstract if it ends in one of these suffixes:tion;ism;ity;ment;ness;age;ance/ence;ship;and ability. In general,when an abstract noun is used to represent a general,abstract idea or concept,no article should be used before it .Examples: Friedship is based on shared interests. Knowledge is power. However,when a abstract noun is used to mean something specific which is usually modifiedrather than a general idea,we should use pare the following pairs of sentences: A Our English teacher has a strong sense of humour. B We can catch the humour in the “ Fun of the Unit” A Good advice is priceless. B Danny refused to accept the advice. A At that time,France was on the verage of revolution. B The French Revolution changed the course of European history. Please note that sometimes we can use a/an before an abstract noun which refers to some specific action,person,thing,or something that causes some reaction.Examples: It’s a pleasure to talk with you about grammar. Mathilde was a success at the party that evening . Danny was a disppointant to himself when he failed his test again. 2 Using the before material nouns A material noun is the name of a substance .For example: Miss Johnson has a bag in her hand.The bag is made of cloth. Which material is used to make Miss Johnson’s bag? The material used to make Miss Johnson’s bag is cloth. So,cloth is a material noun. Words such as water;milk;snow;steel;and iron are material nouns.In general,no article is used before a material noun
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