分子生物学-复习.docVIP

Chapter 1 Amino Acids to Proteins从氨基酸到蛋白质 20种氨基酸三字符 Character of peptide bond the peptide bond exists as an intermediate between a single bond and double bond. Redistribution of electron density gives a partial double bond character to carbon-nitrogen bond. it cannot rotate easily, so it is rigid . flexible bonds 蛋白质的一级 蛋白质的二级(Secondary structure)结构 指肽链主链的折叠和盘绕方式。它只涉及肽 链主链的构象及链内或链间形成的氢键。 （1）α-helix(螺旋) （2）β-sheet(折迭) （3） β-turn(转角/U形转折/回折) （4）random coil(无规卷曲) 蛋白质的三级结构Tertiary structure / 蛋白质的四级结构Quaternary structure physical interactions happen in the process of protein folding. 1) Covalent bonding 2) Hydrogen bonding 3) Ionic bonding 4) Van der Waals forces 5) Hydrophobic interaction 蛋白质空间结构的各种键能和大小 Allosteric regulation / 别构调节 Chapter 2 Nucleic acids 核 酸 Explanation of terms: Tm(melting temperature) ; zippering effect of renaturation; C value paradox of nucleotide multigene family；gene cluster； 1. Properties of a Genetic Material 2. Nucleotides are composed of three parts 3. General Structure of Nucleic Acids 4. What is Significance of Chemical Differences between DNA and RNA 5. Properties of double helix structure of DNA. 6.变性过程的特点 7. Factors that affect Tm 8, Factors that affect renaturation 9. Three-dimensional structure of DNA 10, How can DNA be responsible for the functions necessary of a genetic material？ 11.原核与真核细胞DNA的特点 ，差异。 12 ,DNA是遗传物质的证据: Griffith’s Transformation Experiment and the Hershey-Chase experiment Chapter 3 Transcription in Prokaryotes: Mechanism and Regulation Explanation of terms: Asymmetrical transcription; promoter; terminator; Consensus sequence ; transcription; ternary initiation complex; Transcription bubble; Abortive initiation; Promoter clearence；temporal and spatial specificity of gene expression ；house-keeping gene；constitutive expression ；luxury gene；adaptive expression ；inducible expression；repressive expression ；coordinate regulation；operon；Polycistronic mRNA ；Negative regulation