高三英语非谓语动词(二)知识精讲 冀教版.docVIP

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高三英语非谓语动词(二)知识精讲 冀教版.doc

高三英语非谓语动词(二)知识精讲 冀教版 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容: 非谓语动词(二) 二. 教学过程: 5. 过去分词的基本用法: (1)作定语:The stolen car was found by the police last week. (2)作表语:The glass is broken. /When I got to the classroom, the door was locked. (3)作宾补:You must have your hair cut. (4)作状语:Given more time, we can do the work much better. 6. 独立主格结构: 当分词有它自己的独立主语(不同于句子主语的名词或代词)时,则是一种独立主格结构形式,在句中作状语、定语等。例如: The bell ringing, we all stopped talking.(=When the bell rang, we all stopped talking.)/There being no bus, we had to walk home .(=There was no bus , so we had to walk home.) 7. 使用现在分词的几个注意点: (1)作状语用的现在分词,其逻辑主语必须同句中主语为同一人或同一事,例如: Standing on top of the tall building, we could see the whole city.(正)(Standing=When we stood) (误)Standing on top of the tall building, the whole city could be seen. Having found the cause, they continued the experiment.(正)(Having found=After/When they had found) Having found the cause, the experiment continued.(误) (2)短暂动词(即瞬间动词)的现在分词被动式不可作宾补或定语。例如: He saw the old man knocked down by the car.(knocked down不可改为being knocked down或having been knocked down) Do you like the dictionary bought by Zhang Ming?(bought不可改为being bought或having been bought) 现在分词被动式与过去分词用法的区别: 现在分词被动式与过去分词都有被动意,但其用法是有区别的: (1)作宾语时,现在分词的一般被动式表示一个正在发生的被动动作,过去分词则表示一个已发生过的被动动作或没有时间性的状态。例如: Do you see the hospital being built there? 你看见了那边那个 在建的 医院吗? The continent connected with Asia at the Suez Canal is Africa.在苏伊士运河处与亚洲相连的洲是非洲。(句中connected无时间性) (2)作原因状语,现在分词被动式与过去分词可以互换。例如: Being led(=Led )by the Party, the Chinese people have won great victories. (3)作方式或伴随状语,不用现在分词被动式,而用过去分词。例如: The soldiers lay on the ground, covered with nothing. (4)作时间状语,若动作先于句子的谓语动作,且有具体过去时间,不可用现在分词一般被动式或完成被动式。例如:Built in 1192 , the bridge was very useful. 如果没有具体过去时间状语,可用过去分词或现在分词完成被动式。例如: Discussed(=Having been discussed)many times, the problem was settled at last. 如果要强调分词状语的动作发生的时间在谓语动作之前,则宜用现在分词完成被动式,而不用过去分词。例如: Not having been invited, she had to stay at home. (5)在have, get之后宜用过去

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