Chemistry for Changing Times 11th Edition Hill and Kolb化学变化的时代第十一版山和库伯.ppt

? 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. 1/* Mixtures A mixture is a physical blend of two or more substances. Homogeneous mixtures are uniform in composition. Heterogeneous mixtures are not uniform in composition. ? 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. 1/* Measurement of Matter ? 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. 1/* Measurement of Matter ? 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. 1/* Density Density is defined as the amount of matter in a given amount of space. d = m/V The density of copper is 8.94 g/cm3. ? 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. 1/* Density: Practice Problem Calculate the density of a metal sample with a mass of 18.96 g and a volume of 4.31 cm3. d = m/V = 18.96 g/4.31cm3 = 4.40 g/cm3 ? 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. 1/* Energy: Heat and Temperature Energy is the ability to do work or transfer heat. Energy exists in two major forms: Potential energy is stored energy. Kinetic energy is energy in motion. ? 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. 1/* Heat vs. Temperature Heat is energy that is transferred from hotter objects to cooler objects. Temperature is the average kinetic energy of an object. ? 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. 1/* Units of Heat Heat energy is often measured in calories or joules. One calorie (cal) is the amount of heat required to change the temperature of 1.00 g of water 1.00 oC. A calorie is 4.184 joules (J). 1 cal = 4.184 J ? 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. 1/* Food Calories A food calorie (Cal, “C” is capitalized) is actually a kilocalorie. 1 Cal = 1 kcal = 1000 cal = 4184 J ? 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. 1/* Temperature Scales ? 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. 1/* Celsius to Kelvin Conversion K = oC + 273.15 ? 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. 1/* Practice Problem Human body temperature is 37 oC. Convert this to Kelvin. K = oC + 273.15 = 37 + 273.15 = 310. K ? 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. 1/* Validity You can test the validity of a claim by using the FLaReS test: Falsifiabil