Lecture7信息光学综述.ppt

#7 Frequency Analysis of Optical Image Systems Generalized treatment of imaging systems An imaging system is said to be diffraction-limited Thus the terminal property of a diffraction-limited imaging system is that a diverging spherical wave incident on the entrance pupil is converted by the system into a converging spherical wave at the exit pupil. For any real imaging system, this property will be satisfied, at best, over only finite for which this property holds, then the system may be regarded as being diffraction-limited. Effects of diffraction on the image Incoherent illumination Coherent illumination 相干照明: x0 B A y0 xi B’ A’ yi Black Box 非相干照明: x0 B A y0 xi B’ A’ yi Black Box A, B两点光振动相干, 则引起的以A’, B’为中心的两个分布也相干. 应将其干涉图样求出后,再作模方求强度。 A.B 两点在像面上某点引起的复振幅没有确定的位相关系。观察到的强度是多个像点强度的叠加，即非相干叠加。 Coherent illumination Thus a coherent imaging system is linear in complex amplitude. Incoherent illumination an incoherent imaging system is linear in intensity, and the impulse response of such a system is the squared magnitude of the amplitude impulse response. Compare Under coherent illumination, an imaging system is linear in complex amplitude. When the illumination is perfectly incoherent, an imaging system is linear in intensity The frequency spectra of the input and output are defined as In addition, define the amplitude transfer function (ATF) H as the Fourier transform of the space-invariant amplitude impulse response h(u,v) coherent illumination ATF Thus the effects of the diffraction-limited system have been expressed, at least formally, in the frequency domain. It now remains to relate H more directly to the physical characteristics of the imaging system itself. ATF For notational convenience we set the constant A?zi equal to unity and ignore the negative signs in the arguments of P (almost all applications of interest to us here have pupil functions that are symmetrical in x and y). H is the Fourier transform of the amplitude impulse response h h itself is a