Lecture 1 - Software Testing.pptVIP

Definition: ”Bug” A ”bug” is a relation between: Specification Implementation Whether or not specification is: Explicit or Implicit Written or Oral Formal or Informal (e.g., ”product spec” vs. ”back-of-envellope”) implementation (aka., ’program’) specification(aka., ’spec’) ~ bug * Specification A spec states things an impl…: Should do! Shouldn’t do! Unspecified? (’unclear’, ’unmentioned’, or ’left open’) Should do! Shouldn’t do! Unspecified? S Specs are often intentionally under-specified. It’s often better to not ”prematurely commit” to a particular solution (by specifying exactly how a task should be done) – and instead just state which overall tasks the system should do. * Formal Definition: ”Bug” A (software) bug occurs when: 1. Impl doesn’t do sth spec says it should: 2. Impl does sth spec says it shouldn’t: 3. Impl does sth spec doesn’t mention: 4. Spec doesn’t mention sth, but should: 5. Impl is hard to understand/use by user(s): ~ ~ ?! (or does it incorrectly) I S I S S I ?! I S ! ~ ideal * Testing Fundamentals Intro to test cases * Testing…: Testing is easy: (e.g., ”random experimentation”) Testing well is not easy; requires: A SYSTEMATIC approach Test case…: production evaluation documentation * Components of Software 客户需求 - Customer Requirements 市场需求文档 - MRD (Marketing Requirement Document) 软件规格说明书 - Specifications 技术设计文档 – Technical Design Docs 测试文档 Test Documents 在线帮助 - Online help 产品发布注释 - Release Notes / Read Me 产品软件包 - Release packages * Other contents of Software Product 帮助文件 Help files 示例 Samples and examples to illustrate points 产品支持文档 Product support information 错误信息 Error messages 安装手册 Setup and installation instructions 用户手册 User manual(s) 产品标签 Label and stickers 产品广告或宣传材料 Ads and marketing material … … * Software Development Models Waterfall Model Prototype Model Waterfall + Prototype Model Rapid Application Development Model (RAD) RAD-based V Model * Waterfall Model Return * Prototype Model * Requirements