(广东)广东省掌门1对1教育2016届高三二轮复习讲义：第三讲 复合句.docVIP

第三讲 复合句 　　作为必考项，复合句属应知应会内容。每年高考单选题中涉及复合句的题，少则2道、多则3道。复合句的种类很多，出现频度最高的是定语从句，其次为状语从句和名词性从句。 一. 名词性从句： 1．名词性从句主要分为四大类：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功同名词一样。 2．名词性从句的语序：名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。 如：He asked me what was the matter with me. We’ve heard the news that we’ll move into the new house. Whatever you say will interest us all. (一)主语从句 1．定义：主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： 1) 从属连词that：由that引导的从句,通常用形式主语来代替。 　 That he has disappeared worries his parents. 　 It worries his parents that he has disappeared. 　 It is not likely that he can win the lottery. 　 It is a big surprise that he is still alive. 2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 Whether or not she will go to Japan is up to her. Whether he will take part in the play is not clear. 3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 由what等代词引导的从句,表示”所的(东西)”，实际上等于一个现行词加上一个定语从句，也可以由-ever等代词引导。 What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 What they are talking about is nothing valuable. What I really want is to have a good rest. Whatever she did is wrong. Whoever passes the exam can get 50 yuan. Whoever used to have another name raise your hand. Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 连接副词 where, when, how, why, 如： When she will be back is still a question. Where they had put the files troubled the spy. How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 4．主语从句常出现在下面的三种结构中。　 1)主语从句＋谓语 　That she will come to our party is certain. 2)It +be+名词(形容词、过去分词)＋that从句　　 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that 　事实是 It is an honor that? 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that ? ...是常识 (2) it is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that　很自然 It is strange that? 奇怪的是 在这种结构中，that引导的从句后置。而使用it作形式主语，它也可以与前面讲到的结构换用。用于该结构的形容词很多，常见的有： obvious, clear, likely, true, certain... 　　 该结构中，由于使用了某些形容词、名词词组、过去分词，后面引导的主语从句要使用虚拟语气。关于这一点请参见《虚拟语气》一章。　　 (3) it ＋过去分词＋从句 It is