《2.part2 第8讲 定语从句.要点透析..pptVIP

* Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 一、定义及相关术语 1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的那个名词或代词称为先行词。 3. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as等；关系副词：where, when, why等。关系词常有三个作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一定成分。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Harry Potter is the most interesting novel that I have read.(that I have read是定语从句；novel是先行词；that 是关系代词，代替先行词novel，在从句中作have read的宾语。) Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 关系词 关系代词 关系副词 that which who whom whose(＝of whom＝of which) as when(＝适当介词＋which) where(＝适当介词＋which) why(for which) 指代人或物 人或物 物或主句内容 人 人 人或物 物或主句内容 时间 地点 原因 定语从句中充当的成分 主语、宾语、表语或状语 主语、宾语或定语 主语或宾语 宾语 定语 主语或宾语 状语 状语 状语 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 4. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开，是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确，翻译成先行词的定语，“……的……”。　　非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，通常翻译成主句的并列句。关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. His brother who is now a lawyer always encourages him to go to college. 他那个现在是律师的哥哥总是鼓励他上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥) His brother, who is now a lawyer, always encourages him to go to college. 他的哥哥，现在是律师，总是鼓励他上大学。(他只有一个哥哥) Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 二、关系代词的使用 1. 关系代词若在限制性定语从句中作宾语并且前面无介词时，关系代词可省略，其他情况不可省。 She is the woman (whom / that/who) I wanted to see yesterday.(whom / that/who指人，在限制性定语从句中作wanted to see的宾语，可以省略) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that指物，在限制性定语从句中作are carrying的宾语，可以省略) Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011