05-感觉介绍.ppt

Color-Deficient Vision People who suffer red-green blindness have trouble perceiving the number within the design Visual Information Processing Opponent-Process Theory- opposing retinal processes enable color vision “ON” “OFF” red green green red blue yellow yellow blue black white white black Opponent Process- Afterimage Effect Visual Information Processing Color Constancy Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object Audition Audition听力 the sense of hearing Frequency the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time Pitch音高 a tone’s highness or lowness depends on frequency The Intensity of Some Common Sounds Audition- The Ear Middle Ear chamber between eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea’s oval window Inner Ear innermost part of the ear, contining the cochlea, semicurcular canals, and vestibular sacs Cochlea耳蜗 coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which Audition Place Theory the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea’s membrane is stimulated Frequency Theory the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch How We Locate Sounds Audition Conduction Hearing Loss hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea Nerve Hearing Loss hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea’s receptor cells or to the auditory nerve Audition Older people tend to hear low frequencies well but suffer hearing loss for high frequencies 1 time 10 times 100 times 1000 times 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192 16384 Frequency of tone in waves per second Low Pitch High Amplitude required for perception relative to 20-29 year-old group Touch Skin S