雨果和托尔斯泰的人文主义比较分析.docVIP

雨果和托尔斯泰的人文主义比较分析 副标题是以《悲惨世界》和《复活》为例 关键词：悲惨世界 复活 人文主义 正文： 一、人文主义的内涵 人文主义指社会价值取向倾向于对人的个性的关怀，注重强调维护人性尊严，提倡宽容，反对暴力，主张自由平等和自我价值体现的一种哲学思潮与世界观。 而作为历史概念的人文主义，则指在欧洲历史和哲学史中主要被用来描述14到16世纪间较中世纪比较先进的思想。一般来说今天历史学家将这段时间里文化和社会上的变化称为文艺复兴，而将教育上的变化运动称为人文主义。 　现代的人文主义开始于启蒙运动，在启蒙运动中人文主义被看做是不依靠宗教来回答道德问题的答案。在启蒙运动的人文主义中，超自然的解释一般被忽略，人们将这种人文主义也称为“世俗人文主义”。 悲惨世界》是雨果杰出的一部具有浪漫因素的现实小说，作者描绘了十九世纪法国的广阔的生活画面，反映了被压迫人民所受的痛苦和凌辱，写出了许多社会问题。正如他在“作者序”中指出的“当代社会三个急待解决的问题——贫穷使男子潦倒，饥饿使妇女堕落，黑暗使儿童赢弱。”这也是小说向我们所展示的世界。 整部作品对下层人物的的描写占了主导地位，冉阿让，芳汀、珂赛特、珈弗洛什都是受尽苦难和迫害，被社会遗弃的人，作者在描写他们悲惨生活的同时，以卓越的艺术魅力展示了资本主义社会的残酷现实。 但作者在探索社会出路问题时，更多的把社会问题归结为道德问题，因而宣扬“善良、仁慈、博爱、感化”贯穿了整本书，使得冉阿让成为了悲惨世界中一道灿烂的人道主义光芒，为着个黑暗的世界点亮了希望之光。北京出版社 1996 to implement the situation to be checked.Two, on behalf of workers should work hard to improve their own quality, on behalf of the legitimate interests of workers, and truthfully reflect the opinions and demands of the masses of workers, law-abiding model good books work.Three, on behalf of the staff and workers to exercise democratic rights, any organization and individual shall not suppress obstruction and strike retaliation.The fourth chapter organization systemThe thirteenth generation of workers congress delegation chairman presided over the meeting discussion, the members of the presidium shall, operators, managers and technicians. Our company middle-level cadres, including workers, technical personnel, management staff should be more than half.The fourteenth section of the workers Congress held once a year at least for each meeting, there must be 33 points more than two staff representatives attend the seats. In case of major matters by the general manager, the labor union of the company more than 1/3 staff or staff representatives proposal may convene the meeting. The workers Congress elections held and resolutions must be approved by all workers represented by more than half.Twenty-fifth of the workers congress around increase and enhance the vitality of enterprises, promote the te