彝族地区气候背景与气象谚语..doc

彝族地区气候背景与气象谚语 蒋志聪（吉乃阿木） 越西县气象局? 凉山彝学会会员 （邮编:616650，邮箱:jnamrb@） 论文提要 【摘要】彝族主要世居在云贵川地区的山区，彝族人民在生产和生活中、学习和应用了很多气象学知识。在气象预报、人工影响天气、气候预报、气候资源的应用上彝族人民都有很高的认识程度。彝族人民早期的气象学知识主要是通过气象谚语（尔比）来体现的（包括物候知识），并加以应用。本文试图应用现代气象学知识对流传在彝族人民中的部分气象谚语（尔比）加以解释、然后再加以比较分析。笔者认为彝族对自己生活地区的气象学知识的认识程度是相当高的，彝族人民在很早以前就认识到四季变化与生产和生活的关系,懂得应用人工影响天气和防雷知识。彝族人民在长期的生产和生活实践中学会了应用气象变化，观测野外动物之行为和物候变化，可以预测天气，这与我国古代先民之天气预报方法十分类似。彝族气象谚语（尔比）多来源于对季节变化和物候的观察。 Abstract 　　The Yi mostly live in the mountainous regions of Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan, and Yi people learn and use a lot of meteorological knowledge in their productive life. In weather forecasting, human influence on weather, climate forecasting, and use of climatic resources, Yi people have a high level of knowledge. Early Yi meteorological knowledge was largely embodied and put to use through climate proverbs (luby) –including phenological proverbs. The present essay attempts to understand and elucidate the knowledge transmitted in Yi meteorological luby through concepts of modern meteorology, and to perform a comparative analysis. I believe that Yi people’s knowledge of the climate and weather in the areas where they live is of a very high level, and that Yi people very early understood the changes of he four seasons and their relation to human life, as well as how to influence weather and protect against thunder and lightning damage. Through a long period of productive life, Yi people learned how to use climate change, observation of wild animal behavior and phenological changes to be able to predict weather, all in ways very similar to methods of weather prediction in ancient China. Yi meteorological luby mostly originate from seasonal changes and observation of phenology. Keywords: Yi people─meteorology─phenology─climate proverbs (luby) （注：以上论文提要英文为中国社会科学院民族研究报翻译） 关键词：彝族气象学 物候? 气象谚语（尔比） ?一、前言 　　笔者从事气象工作20多年了，在写《喜德气象志》时跑了很多彝族地方和走访了很多彝族老人，后在越西搞人工影响天气和防雷安全检查时经常深入基层，收集了一些流传在彝族人民中的气象谚语（尔比），在西昌参观彝族博物馆时，笔者在馆内发现彝族有一些气象知识和物候知识，结合我收集的一并缕列，供彝学工作者参考。笔者从小受到的是汉语言文