初三英语寒假专题——宾语从句外研社（初中起点）.docVIP

初三英语寒假专题——宾语从句外研社（初中起点） 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 寒假专题——宾语从句 （一）宾语从句的种类 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中做及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语的从句的连词不同，宾语从句可分为三类。 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。常用动词有say, agree, answer, believe, complain, decide, explain, know, hope, notice, order, think, report.等。例如： He said (that) Kate was good at swimming. He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when(指时间)，where(指地点)，why(表原因)，how（表方式）引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分，关系代词在句中作主语，定语等副词在句中作状语。常用动词有advise, ask, discover, discuss, doubt, find out, imagine, know, show, tell, wonder等。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don’t know why the train is late. 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”，不作句子成分，但不能省略。例如： I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. （二）宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时，要特别注意从句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。例如： What is her address? Do you know? = Do you know what her address is ? I hear (that) physics isn’t easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo? Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting. （三）宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主语的时态是一般现在时（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。 I don’t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? I’m sure that she will come and join us. 2. 如果主语的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。 He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meeting. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. He remembered he had left his umbrella in the library. 3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理、事实，即使主句是过去时，其时态常用一般现在时。 Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved t