高二英语语法虚拟语气牛津版选修六.doc

虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 May you succeed! 祝您成功! I．简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。 Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ I should be grateful if you would be kind enough to help me. It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。 God bless you! / Heaven help you! 愿上帝保佑你！ May you be happy! 祝你快乐！ May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就！ May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 II．状语从句中的虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法： 1. 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。其句子结构为： 从句：If + 主语+ 动词的过去式 (be 用were) + …… 主句：主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ …… If I were you, I would go with him. If the weather were fine, I would go there. If it weren’t snowing, we wouldn’t stay in the house. If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble. If they were here, he would be speaking to them now. 2. 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。其句子结构为： 从句：If + 主语+ had +动词的过去分词+ …… 主句：主语+ would (should, could, might) + have +动词的过去分词+…… If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake. 如果你听了我的劝告,就不会犯这样的错误。 If it hadn’t been for your help, I shouldn’t have finished this work on time. 要是没有你们的帮忙，我就不会按时完成了这项工作。（事实上你们帮助了我） If I had been your headmaster, I should have dismissed you from school. 我要是你们校长的话，就把你开除学籍了。（事实上我不是） If they had been here, he would have been speaking to them. 3. 表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句，其句子结构为： 从句：If + 主语+ should (were to) + 动词原形 / 动词的过去式+…… 主句：主语+ would (could, should, might) + 动词原形+…… If I were to work at this problem, I would do it in another way. 要是我来解这道难题，我会用另外一种方法的。 If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天下雨的话，我将待在家里。 If he came tomorrow, I would do it with him. 如果明天他来的话，我将和他一