Unit+14+防抱死制动系统和牵引力控制系统.doc

Unit 14 ABS and TCS 第十四课 防抱死制动系统和牵引力控制系统 14.1 制动系统基本原理和基本制动 There are two usual force inputs to a motor vehicle: engine torque to provide acceleration (+ X acceleration) and brake friction to provide deceleration(-X acceleration). 对于汽车，通常有两个输入力：发动机转矩提供加速力（X正方向加速）和制动摩擦提供减速力（ X负方向加速）。 幻灯片5 When an operator actuates the brake pedal, he or she is actually pushing on a lever that pushes a piston in a master cylinder to generate hydraulic pressure that is transmitted through the brake lines to the wheel actuators (either wheel cylinders or caliper pistons). 当驾驶员动作制动踏板，他（她）实际上推动拉杆，由拉杆推动主缸的活塞来产生液压。液压通过制动管路传送到车轮的作动器上（轮缸或者制动钳活塞）。 幻灯片6 The wheel actuators force a friction material (brake shoes or disk pads) against a rotating surface (brake drums or disk rotors)to generate a force that stops the vehicle. 车轮作动器强迫摩擦材料（制动蹄块或制动衬片）与旋转的表面接触（制动鼓或制动盘），从而产生使车辆停止的力。 幻灯片7 The energy to stop the vehicle is normally dissipated as heat in the drums or rotors. Thus, applying the brakes is really the act of dissipating the rolling energy of the vehicle as heat, hence slowing the vehicle down. 停止车辆的能量通常被转化为热能形式在制动鼓或制动盘消耗掉。因此，施加制动实际上就是将汽车的动能转为热能并消耗掉，从而使汽车减速。 幻灯片8 The operation of the braking system depends on the integrity of the hydraulic system. Modern boosted master cylinders can generate 2000 psi or more, and the hydraulic system must distribute that pressure without leaking. 制动系统的操作取决于整个液压系统。现代助力型主缸可以产生2000psi，甚至更多的压强，液压系统必须要能够将压力分配，并不产生泄漏。 幻灯片9 Almost all modern braking systems use a booster (or operator force amplifier) that uses engine vacuum to increase the force the brake lever applies to the master cylinder. 几乎所有的现代制动系统都使用助力器（或操作力放大器）。它利用发动机真空增加制动拉杆施加在主缸上的力。 幻灯片10 Generally, disk brakes require higher application pressure than do drums because they are not self-actuating. 一般来说，盘式制动器比鼓式制动器需要施加更多的制动力，因为它不能够自行增力。 幻灯片11 When drum brakes are combined with disk brakes in a v