应用语言学知识点总结.docVIP

Josy lee 教材课程 应用语言学 复习知识点总结 Chapter 4 first language acquisition Differences between Saussure and Chomsky Saussure’s objective is to describe the language system(langue),but parole is an individual act. Saussure is more concerned with its sociological aspect. Chomsky’s objective is to characterize the native speaker’s knowledge of the system of his language (competence). Chomsky is more concerned with its psychological aspect. How is the first language acquired? Traditional assumption: imitation and practice Chomsky’s creative hypothesis-testing---language acquisition is based on the child’s discovery of a deep and abstract theory----a generative grammar of his language (child hear all kinds of utterance, but he choose only what fits his needs. His own utterances (performance)are original and novel.) The deepest structure of all language may be the same-----Universal Grammar(UG) in Chomsky’s theory. Major L1 acquisition theories-----the process of L1 acquisition 1,Behaviorist theories : These theories follow the empiricist approach, emphasizing that the only way of knowing anything is by experiencing it physically. Basic tenet原则 : since one cannot observe his internal states, which is regarded as a “black box”, hence one can not know anything about them, any statements about the internal states or process are meaningless. The only meaningful statements about the organism concern what goes into it(stimulus)and what comes out of it(response). Objective : is to discover and create predictable relationship/association between stimulus and response. imitation-reinforcement theories ---- skinner Basic idea: verbal behavior, like other human behaviors, is controlled by its consequences. In the process of first language acquisition, if a certain correct response is repeatedly reinforced, it is conditioned and becomes a habit, then finally the child acquires his native language. mediation theories-------------------------to fill the “black box” Basic ideal