语法专项讲解——虚拟语气（一）.docVIP

语法专项讲解——虚拟语气（一） 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用 虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用 as if从句中的虚拟语气 情态动词+have done 一．虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用 从句 主句 例句 与现在相反 If + V过去分词(be动词用were) 主+should/would/could/might+V原 If I were you, I should seize the chance to go abroad. 与过去相反 If +had done 主+should/would/could/might+have+V原 If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam. 与将来相反 1. If+V过去分词 2. If+were to+动词原形 3. If+should+动词原形 主+should/would/could/might+V原 If he should not come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting till next Monday. If省略句 当条件状语从句中谓语含有were, had, should,可省略if, 同时把were, had, should提到从句句首，变为倒装式。 1. If I were at school again, I would study harder than before. Were I at school again, I would study harder. 2. If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus. 3. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 二. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用 1. 用于宾语从句中 (1) wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。虚拟语气通过时态退一步来实现。 I wish I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky. I wish I had met that film star yesterday. How I wish it weren’t raining now! (2)在would rather后的宾语从句中也用虚拟语气，用动词过去式虚拟当时或将来的情况，用过去完成式虚拟过去的情况。 I would rather they hadn’t heard of the news yesterday. (3) 用于表示建议，愿望，命令等词后的宾语从句中。常见的动词有demand, order, insist, suggest, advise等。虚拟语气通过should+动词原形来实现，其中should可以省略。 He suggested Sarah (should) go to the park at 8 o’clock. They insisted that the boy (should) go with them. 注意：当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意时，后面的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，应使用陈述语气。如： The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 在下面的12个及物动词后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气： 三个“建议”： advise, suggest, propose 三个“要求”： ask, require/request, demand 两个“命令”： order, command 一个“希望”： wish 一个“渴望”： desire 一个“宁愿”： would rather 一个“坚持”： insist 2. 用于主语从句中 It is suggested/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essential that+从句，从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。 It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week. 3. 用于表语从句和同位语从句中 在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, request, idea等名词后的表语从句和同位