初三上学期期中备考课程(第三讲:动词不定式)探究.docx

初三上学期期中备考课程(第三讲:动词不定式)探究.docx

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第3讲:动词不定式1. 掌握动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语的基本用法。2. 掌握动词不定式作状语以及和疑问词连用构成不定式短语的基本用法。3. 理解动词不定式作主语、表语、定语的基本用法。结构:(to)+动词原形功能:动词不定式在句子中可以充当以下六种句子成分,亦即:动词不定式在句子中可以充当除谓语外的任何成分。动词不定式的句法功能主语宾语表语定语状语补语to do★★★★★★批注:(1)不定式的基本形式为:to +动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义。(2)否定形式是not +(to+)动词原形。知识点1:不定式作宾语(☆)1.一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的。跟不定式作宾语的常见动词有:agree(同意),want(想要),refuse(拒绝),offer(主动提出),promise(答应),choose(决定),decide(决定),determine(决心),fail(未履行),ask(要求),hope(希望),expect(期待),wish(希望),learn(学习),afford (付得起), demand(要求),manage(设法), prepare(准备),begin(开始), start(开始),forget(忘记), remember(记住),like(喜欢),love(爱), try(尝试),need(需要),seem(觉得好像),arrange(安排),attempt (试图),plan(计划),swear(发誓),tend(往往会),threaten(预示)……举例:I hope to become a teacher after graduation.The driver failed to see the other car in time.I happen to know the answer to your question.2.find,think,feel,consider 等后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在后面。即:主语+动词+it+补语+to do句式。举例:I find it difficult to learn English.We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well.He feels it his duty to help the poor.3.常见的一些不带to的动词不定式why not do…,why don’ t you do…,had better(not) do…,would rather do …,could/would/will you please (not) do…举例:I would rather stay in the room.例题1:We all hope ______________(see) you soon. Can you come this weekend? A.see B.to see C. seeing D.saw答案:B~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~知识点2:动词不定式作宾语补足语(☆)1.跟不定式做宾补的常见动词有:advise, wish, prefer, order, teach, get, expect, like, want, ask, encourage, invite, require, tell, help, allow, force举例:My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.Father will not allow us to play on the street.2.还有一些使役动词和感官动词后面跟不带to的不定式做宾补:一感(feel),二听(hear, listen to),三让(make, let, have),四看(look at,see, notice, , watch)举例:He saw them play on the playground.批注:但是在这种情况下,变被动语态的时候必须加上to.举例:I often see him go to school on foot.He is often seen to go to school on foot.例题2:My father asked me _______ swimming with him,but I was too busy that day.to go B.go

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