人教版高三英语主谓一致(Agreement).docVIP

高三英语主谓一致(Agreement) 一. 本周教学内容： 主谓一致（Agreement） 二. 重点、难点： 主谓一致问题是中国学生最容易忽视的语法现象，因为在汉语中不涉及主谓一致问题，所以要想掌握这个问题，一定要看清句子结构，找准主语，判断谓语动词的单复数。 具体内容： 1. 语法结构上的一致。 找准主语，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。 （1）一些不确切的表示比例的修饰词修饰主语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语决定。 如：all, most, half, some, many, rest, 40%, 2/3, one third等, none作主语时单复数要看句子结构要求。 例句： Half of the water is fresh water. All of my friends like sports. Two thirds of the wood was made in Japan. 70% of the students agree. None of the people here is a farmer. （2）表示确切数量的词修饰主语时，主语中心语决定谓语动词，注意neither或either作主语时，谓语动词看作单数。 例句： One of the students comes from England. Neither of the girls likes football. （3）主语由more than one …或many a …修饰，虽然表示复数意义，但主语中心语是名词单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式。如果是more …than one修饰主语，主语中心语一定是复数，谓语动词则用复数。 例句： More than a house has been damaged in the hurricane. More members than one are for you plan. （4）一些主语后会出现介词短语as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等，表示复数意义，但谓语动词单复数只由主语中心语决定。 例句： The teacher with her students was excited after the match. Nobody but Sam and Mike was in the classroom. 注：如果名词由 every, each, no来修饰，即便结构上表示并列，谓语动词用单数形式。 Every girl and every boy likes football. Each member and each waiter of the club is satisfied with the behavior of the boss. （5）有的词组既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词，如a lot of, lots of, plenty of,谓语动词单复数由名词决定，但是amounts of, quantities of无论修饰可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词都用复数形式。 例句： Plenty of water on the earth is sea water. Amounts of water are used to water flowers. 2. 语言意义上的一致 有的单词单数形式表示复数意义，有的单词复数形式表示单数意义，还有的单词单复数同型，那就要看在句子中所表达的意义了。 （1）集体名词：crowd, people, police, cattle, militia等，单数形式，表示复数意义；然而family, team, group 等集体名词，既可以看作整体，表示单数意义，也可以强调成员，表示复数意义。 例句： The police were running after the robber. 警方正在追赶那个盗贼。 The whole family are watching TV. 全家人在看电视。 The red team won the game. 红队赢得了比赛。 （2）形复意单的名词 news, works等和一些学科名词 physics, politics, economics，表达单数含义。 例句： The works was translated in 1859. 这本著作是1859年翻译的。 （3）一些单复数同型的名词means, species, Chinese, Japanese，要分析句子中的具体意义，选择谓语动词的单复