高二英语Unit9-Unit10知识精讲 人教版.docVIP

高二英语Unit9-Unit10知识精讲 人教版 一. 本周教学内容： Unit 9——10 Unit 9 I. 语法重点： 本单元的语法重点是过去分词作定语和表语： 1. 作表语：如： （1）The window is broken .窗户碎了。 （2）He’s gone .他走了。 （3）Don’t get so excited .别那么激动。 过去分词作表语用时总是在连系动词之后，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态。这种系表结构和被动结构相同，但后者表示主语所承受的动作。试比较： （1）The vase was broken .花瓶碎了。（系表结构） （2）The vase was broken by her son . 花瓶是被她儿子打碎的。（被动结构） 2. 作定语，多表示已完成的动作。如： （1）The wounded soldiers were sent to the hospital at once . 受伤的士兵已被立即送往医院了。 （2）We must make the polluted river clear again . 我们必须使受到污染的河流变得干净。 （3）Some of them , born and brought up in rural villages , had never seen a train . 他们中的一些人，出生并在农村长大，从没见过火车。 过去分词作定语用时相当于一个定语从句，其“被动”与“完成”的含义可以在从句中察觉出来。如：Boiled water is water which has been boiled .开水就是已烧开过的水。（完成，被动） II. 重点词汇与句型： 1. It was called “saving the earth”and it was all about the damage that is being caused to the world . and之后的句子相当于……it was all about the damage that people are doing to the world .中文是：会议叫做“拯救地球”大会，讨论有关对世界造成的破坏的问题。That is being caused to the world是定语从句，修饰先行词damage。从句中的is being caused是现在进行时的被动语态，即am / are / is + being + past participle。例如： （1）Air pollution is the greatest trouble that is being caused by the factory .空气污染是这家工厂目前引起的最大麻烦。 （2）The lecture that is being given by professor White is about ways of giving first aid .怀特教授现在做的演讲是有关施行急救的方法问题。 2. Then one year , the rains fail to come .意为Then one year , there is no rain . 然后有一年，天没有下雨。句中的fail作“没有”，“没有能够”解，常同不定式连用（fail to do sth .）意思是“没有做某事”。例如： （1）He did very well , but he failed to break the record .他表现得很好，但是没有破纪录。 （2）The main speaker failed to come because of bad weather .由于天气不好，主要发言人没有能够来。 与fail有关的形式还有：fail in sth . fail sb . without fail = certainly例如： （1）I passed in maths but failed in physics . 意为：我数学考过了但是物理没通过 （2）The examiners failed half of the candidates .（应试者）意为：主考者使一半的应试者没能通过。 （3）I’ll be there at two o’clock without fail . 意为：我两点钟肯定能到那儿。 3. Whenever we found an unknown plant , we had