人胚胎早期发生__培训课件.pptVIP

General embryology (I) 1. Langmans Medical Embryology with Simbryo CD-ROM, Lippincott Williams Wilkins Publishers 9th Edition 2.高英茂主编，《组织胚胎学》，全国八年制教材，人民卫生出版社，2006 3.邹仲之，李继承主编，组织学与胚胎学，人民卫生出版社，2008 4.组胚精品课程网站：/hec/index.do OBJECTIVES 1.说明受精的过程和意义。 2.试述胚胎植入的定义、过程、部位以及植入后的子宫蜕膜分部。 3.试述两胚层胚盘的形成过程和组成。 4.三胚层胚盘的形成和初步分化。 5.胎膜、蜕膜及胎盘的结构与功能。 a science which study the processes and regulations of development of human fetus.(from 1 cell (zygote合子) to (5-7) x1012 cells) total 38 weeks: preembryonic period（胚前期）: before 2 weeks embryonic period（胚期）: 3-8 weeks fetal period（胎儿期）: after 9 weeks Fertilization（受精） Definition: the process by which the male and female gametes(sperm and ovum) unite to give rise to zygote site: in the ampullary region（壶腹部） of the oviduct conditions: 1)? maturation of oocyte 2)??maturation of spermatozoa 3)??capacitation （获能）and acrosome reaction（顶体反应） of spermatozoa capacitation factor: secreted by epi. cells of oviduct, capacity of releasing acrosome enzymes 4)??quality and quantity of spermatozoa: 2-6 ml, 100,000,000/ml, 1.5 ml; or 10,000,000; abnormal sperm 30%; or capacity for mobile 70% 5)? meeting of sperm and ovum within 24 hrs Processes of fertilization: Phase I Penetration of the corona radiata（放射冠）, acrosomal release Phase II Penetration of the zona pellucide（透明带） ZP with receptors – zona pellucida spongy – the release of local enzymes Phase III Entrance, formation of zygote Entry – response Cortical or zona reactions -Compaction - impermeable to more sperm Oocyte finishes 2nd meiotic division Metabolic activation of the egg Results of fertilization Diploid Genetic sex Cleavage Cleavage （卵裂） Mitosis Two cell stage (30h) Morula（桑椹胚） (72h) inner cell mass embryoblast outer cell rim trophoblasts Blastocyst （胚泡）(5d) Blastocoele The cells of morula secrete fluid Zona pellucide disappears Blastocyst （胚泡） inner cell mass blastocoele trophoblasts （滋养层） （胚泡腔） （内细胞群） Puberty – menstruation (28 days) H