2014届高考英语总复习《阅读理解》权威课件：专题十五 科普知识型阅读（广东专用）.pptVIP

* * 专题十五　科普知识型阅读 理解 专 题 导 读 典 例 导 练 新 题 预 测 返回目录 专题十五　科普知识型阅读理解 科普类文章主要包括自然科学类、前沿科技发明类和医疗卫生类，其取材密切联系当前经济和科技等方面的变化，以介绍某一科学现象居多。科普类文章具有结构严谨、逻辑性强等特点。其主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨概括题等，其中推理判断题居多。从词汇角度来看，在科普类文章中，词汇的意义比较专一、稳定、简明、不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。从语法和句子结构方面看，句子结构较复杂，长难句较多，语法分析较困难。文章中常用被动语态、定语从句等。科普文常用的修辞手段有： 返回目录 专 题 导 读 专题十五　科普知识型阅读理解 (1)下定义：有时为了突出事物的主要内容或主要问题，往往用简明扼要的话给对象一个定义，使读者对被说明的对象有明确的概念。(2)举事例：举出有代表性的、恰当的例子，能够反映一般的情况，真切地说明事物的特征。(3)作比较：选择有外部或内部联系的事物进行比较往往能增强说明事物的效果。(4)打比方：适当运用比喻能够增强说明的形象性和生动性。科普说明文在结构上常采用的写作方法有：(1)总分式。在说明事物或事理时，段落(层次)之间有一个总分关系，表现为由总到分、由分到总。(2)承接式。各层次之间按照事物的发展过程，或者按时间、因果、条件等关系安排，前后相互承接。 返回目录 专 题 导 读 专题十五　科普知识型阅读理解 (3)递进式。后面在前面的基础上进一步说明，各层之间的关系是由浅入深。文章的命题除了遵循科普阅读的命题方式外，还经常考查文章的篇章结构和修辞手法。 返回目录 专 题 导 读 返回目录 专题十五　科普知识型阅读理解 典 例 导 练 [2013·浙江卷] The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother”—the real mother or the mother-substitute (母亲替代物). 返回目录 专题十五　科普知识型阅读理解 典 例 导 练 During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological (心理的) thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutes—one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire 返回目录 专题十五　科普知识型阅读理解 典 例 导 练 mother-substitutes as their favourites. Thereafter they swit