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I. Choose the best answer and then put the letter of your choice in the brackets.
1. Words are but symbols, many of which have meaning only when they have acquired _____.
A. associations B. reference
C. concepts D. motivation
2. Reference is the relationship between language and _____.
A. the world B. the context
C. the sense D. the concept
3. A concept is universal to all men alike regardless of _____.
A. culture B. race
C. language D. all the above
4. Meaning and concept are _____.
A. unrelated B. identical
C. connected D. same
5. Unlike reference, “sense” denotes the relationships _____.
A. inside the language B. outside the language
C. between the language D. between symbols and things
6. _____ accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.
A. Concept B. Motivation C. Reference D. Sense
7. Most words can be said to be _____.
A. non-motivated B. related C. motivated D. logical
8.The word “hopeless” with the meaning of “without hope” is a _____ motivated word.
A. semantically B. morphologically
C. phonetically D. historically
9.Lexical meaning and _____ meaning make up the word-meaning.
A. grammatical B. conceptual
C. semantic D. associative
10.Conceptual meaning is also known as _____ meaning.
A. connotative B. collocative
C. affective D. denotative
II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions given in the course book.
1. Although reference is a kind of abstraction, yet with the help of _____, it can refer to something specific.
2. By means of _____, a speaker indicates which things in the world are being talked about.
3. Concept, which is beyond _____, is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.
4. The sense of an expression is its place in a system of _____ relationships with other expressions in the language.
5. Semantic motivation explains the connection between the _____ sense and figurative sense of the word.
6. Lexical meaning itself has two componen
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