ppt课件-图像增强-c t-web 服务概述（ image enhancement- the c a t- web services overview）.pptVIP

Edge Enhancement Image Enhancement Brightness control Contrast enhancement noise reduction Edge enhancement Objectives What are edges? What are the properties of an edge? What is edge enhancement? How is edge enhancement performed? edge enhancement from first principles Neighbourhood operators laplacian unsharp masking What are edges ? Change, or discontinuity, in image brightness between two reasonably smooth regions. Fundamentally important primitive image characteristics. Only information in most black and white images. What are edges? Ideal edge It is usually ramped because of sensor processing during capture Noisy edge Line Edge Properties Edge has two properties: how steep it is direction, ie, is it pointing towards the left or right? Edge Properties-gradient Consider a 1-d continuous image of an edge, denoted by A(x) Edge properties can be obtained from the gradient = ?A / ? x gradient=dA/dx as ? x?0. Edge Properties Gradient has two properties magnitude direction Magnitude, or steepness, given by |dA/dx| Direction, left or right, given by sign of dA/d x Edge Properties-gradient Gradient given by first derivative dA /d x. Second derivative, d2A/d x2,generates two peaks at beginning and end of edge. Called ‘ringing’. Edge Properties-discrete gradient Neighbourhood Operators First derivative can be calculated by convolving with mask B=[-1 1]. Second derivative can be calculated by convolving with mask B = [1 -2 1]. Edges in 2-D Images Edge properties are provided by gradient of image brightness A(x,y) 1-d case the gradient direction is either ? or? 2-d gradient has a magnitude and orientation Edges in 2-D Images Direction of gradient at any point is the direction of maximum change. 2-d Gradient Operator Discrete 2-d gradient operator Contour plot and gradient Gradient Operators for Images Second-order gradient denoted by ?2A. Highlights discontinuties in an image. Scalar. Neighbourhood Operators Neighbourhood Operators Laplacian Image W