与论元实现中的力量传输和定向变化.docVIP

牛津认知语言学手册（Geeaerts and Cuyckens 2010 再版）Repost: /blog/static/38279390201042411103963/ 事件词汇化与论元实现中的力量传输和定向变化（第二部分，Croft:forthcoming） The transmission of force takes place for the profiled temporal phase of the event, but for convenience it is only represented by the causal arrows at the beginning and the end of the profiled phase. The event in Figure 12 contains two subevents: the one involving Jane is anundirected activity and the one involving “War and Peace” is an accomplishment. The overall event profiled by the verb is an accomplishment. In general, if the verb or predicate profile includes a directed change subevent, then the aspectual type of the predicate as a whole is a directed change of the relevant type. There also appears to be another constraint on predicate profiles, at least for simple predicates: only one directed change subevent occurs in a predicate profile. This is the equivalent principle in the model presented here to Tenny’s constraint on verbs (i.e., event lexicalizations): ‘there can be no more than one measuring out for any event described by a verb’ (Tenny1994:11). The model presented here has several important advantages over the representation in Croft (1991) as well as the representations proposed by other authors. First, it clearlydistinguishes the aspectual and the causal structure of events. Besides the semantic cleanness of this feature, it also allows us to more clearly recognize the distinct contributions that aspectual structure and causal structure make to the grammar of predicates and arguments. Second, it allows us to employ the fine-grained aspectual analysis presented in §3 along with the causal structure analysis presented in §2. Third, it represents both types of causal structure, namely the transmission of force relation—participants acting on other participants—and the standard understanding of causatio