c e p h a l o m e t r i c s u m m a r y（我的你是我的一个你是我的最爱你是我的）.docVIP

INTERPRETATION OF CEPHALOMETRIC DATA  Cephalometrics Cephalometrics is the study of headfilms (called cephalograms). We study cephs to: ? observe pathologic change ? evaluate dentofacial proportions and clarify the anatomic basis of diagnosis of malocclusion ? recognize and evaluate changes before, during, and after orthodontic treatment ? predict future changes that might occur in the craniofacial complex A cephalogram is a two-dimensional projection of the skull. These films are taken in a cephalostat, which is an x-ray apparatus with a standard 5-foot source-object distance. The most common projection is the lateral cephalogram. The standardized nature of these projections have allowed for population norms to be established. Cephs can be measured and compared to norms or to previous projections. Anterior-posterior projections may also be obtained and are somewhat useful in evaluating asymmetry. Various cephalometric analyses exist to describe the craniofacial complex. No certain analysis is considered superior to another. Most analyses rely on the relatively stable elements in the cranial base to serve as reference points and planes by which to measure changing or growing structures. Performing a ceph analysis requires you to trace the film onto a piece of frosted acetate with a pencil. Capturing necessary details in the cranial base, maxilla, mandible, dentition, and soft tissue allows you to measure the various elements. Accurate tracings may also be superimposed on subsequent or previous films to reveal growth or treatment changes. Important elements in cephalometric analyses are: ? Maxillary position ? Mandibular position ? Facial proportions/vertical relationships ? Incisor positions (maxillary and mandibular) A single ceph is only one point in time, but a series of cephalograms over a few years gives the clinician valuable information on a patients growth tendencies. Realistic gro