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c h a p t e r7 pictorial projections- mc graw- hill education（c h p t e r7图案投影- mc graw -希尔教育）.doc

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c h a p t e r7 pictorial projections- mc graw- hill education（c h p t e r7图案投影- mc graw -希尔教育）

CHAPTER 7 Pictorial Projections INTRODUCTION Pictorial sketches are a type of technical illustration that shows several faces of an object at once. Such sketches are used by any industry that designs, sells, manufactures repairs, installs or maintains a product. Axonometric and oblique pictorial sketches use a parallel projection technique and are frequently used in technical documents, sales literature, maintenance manuals, and documentation supplements in engineering drawings. Perspective sketches are the most realistic types of drawings used in engineering and technology. A perspective drawing creates a pictorial view of an object that resembles what you see. It is the best method for representing an object in three dimensions. This chapter goes into the details necessary for creating perspective sketches. 7.1 axonometric projection The Greek word axon means axis and metric means to measure. Axonometric projection is a parallel projection technique used to create pictorial drawings of objects by rotating the object on an axis relative to a projection plane to create a pictorial view. One of four principle projection techniques is used in technical drawing: Multiview Axonometric Oblique Perspective In multiview, axonometric, and oblique projection the observer is theoretically infinitely far away from the projection plane. Only in perspective projection is the viewer at some finite distance to the object. The differences between a multiview drawing and an axonometric drawing are that, in a multiview, only two dimensions of an object are visible in each view and more than one view is required to define the object; whereas, in an axonometric drawing, the object is rotated about an axis to display all three dimensions, and only one view is required. Axonometric drawings are classified by the angles between the lines comprising the axonometric axes. When all three angles are unequal, the drawing is classified as a trimetric. Whe