c h p t e d t r4我n p u t a n d o u t p u t -圣莫尼卡学院（ c h a p t e r4 d a t a i n p u t a n d o u t p u t- santa monica college）.docVIP

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c h p t e d t r4我n p u t a n d o u t p u t -圣莫尼卡学院（ c h a p t e r4 d a t a i n p u t a n d o u t p u t- santa monica college）.doc

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c h p t e d t r4我n p u t a n d o u t p u t -圣莫尼卡学院（ c h a p t e r4 d a t a i n p u t a n d o u t p u t- santa monica college）

CHAPTER 4: DATA INPUT AND OUTPUT (GIS:? A Management Perspective - Stan Aronoff) Pages 103 - 131 For a GIS to be useful it must be capable of receiving and producing information in an effective manner. The data input and output functions are the means by which a GIS communicates with the world outside. The objective in defining GIS input and output requirements is to identify the mix of equipment and methods needed to meet the required level of performance and quality. No one device or approach is optimum for all situations. DATA INPUT:?The procedure of encoding data into a computer-readable form and writing the data to the GIS database. Data entry is usually the major bottleneck in implementing a GIS. The initial cost of building the database is commonly 5 to 10 times to cost of the GIS hardware and software. The creation of an accurate and well-documented database is critical to the operation of the GIS. Accurate information can only be generated if the data on which it is based were accurate to begin with. Data quality information includes the date of collection, the positional accuracy, completeness, and the method used to collect and encode the data. (Discussed in detail in Ch. 5) ? There are two types of data to be entered into a GIS: Spatial data and the associated non-spatial attribute data. ? The spatial data represents the geographical location of the features The non-spatial attribute data provide descriptive information like the name of a street, salinity of the lake or the type of tree stand. The non-spatial attribute data must be logically attached to the features they describe.There are five types of data entry systems commonly used in a GIS: keyboard entry coordinate geometry manual digitizing scanning input of existing digital files Keyboard entry: involves manually entering the data at a computer terminal. Attribute data are commonly input by keyboard whereas spatial data are rarely input this way. Keyboard entry may also b