c h1 i n t r o d u c t i o n a n d b a s i c c o n c e p t s- n t u t（c i n t r o h1 d u c t i o n n d b c n c o s i e p t s—n t u t）.docVIP

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c h1 i n t r o d u c t i o n a n d b a s i c c o n c e p t s- n t u t（c i n t r o h1 d u c t i o n n d b c n c o s i e p t s—n t u t）.doc

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c h1 i n t r o d u c t i o n a n d b a s i c c o n c e p t s- n t u t（c i n t r o h1 d u c t i o n n d b c n c o s i e p t s—n t u t）

CH1 INTRODUCTION AND BASIC CONCEPTS （系上公布BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS） EXAMPLE 1–1 Spotting Errors from Unit Inconsistencies While solving a problem, a person ended up with the following equation at some stage: where E is the total energy and has the unit of kilojoules. Determine how to correct the error and discuss what may have caused it. EXAMPLE 1–2 Obtaining Formulas from Unit Considerations A tank is filled with oil whose density isρ＝850 kg/m3. If the volume of the tank is V ＝ 2 m3, determine the amount of mass m in the tank. EXAMPLE 1–3 The Weight of One Pound-Mass Using unity conversion ratios, show that 1.00 lbm weighs 1.00 lbf on earth (Fig. 1–13). EXAMPLE 1–4 Expressing Temperature Rise in Different Units During a heating process, the temperature of a system rises by 10°C. Express this rise in temperature in K, °F, and R. EXAMPLE 1–5 Absolute Pressure of a Vacuum Chamber A vacuum gage connected to a chamber reads 5.8 psi at a location where the atmospheric pressure is 14.5 psi. Determine the absolute pressure in the chamber. EXAMPLE 1–6 Measuring Pressure with a Manometer A manometer is used to measure the pressure in a tank. The fluid used has a specific gravity of 0.85, and the manometer column height is 55 cm, as shown in Fig. 1–46. If the local atmospheric pressure is 96 kPa, determine the absolute pressure within the tank. EXAMPLE 1–7 Measuring Pressure with a Multifluid Manometer The water in a tank is pressurized by air, and the pressure is measured by a multifluid manometer as shown in Fig. 1–49. The tank is located on a mountain at an altitude of 1400 m where the atmospheric pressure is 85.6 kPa. Determine the air pressure in the tank if h1＝0.1 m, h2＝0.2 m, and h3＝0.35 m. Take the densities of water, oil, and mercury to be 1000 kg/m3, 850 kg/m3, and 13,600 kg/m3, respectively. EXAMPLE 1–8 Measuring Atmospheric Pressure with a Barometer Determine the atmospheric pressure at a location where the barometric reading is 740 mm Hg a