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MAGNETISM: MAGNETIC FORCES AND MAGNETIC FIELDS OBJECTIVE: To measure the ratio of the charge of an electron to its mass. TERMINOLOGY: centripetal force centripetal acceleration Helmholtz coils symbols: magnetic field (B) magnetic force (F) fundamental charge (e) units: Teslas [T] Newtons [N] Coulombs [C] METHOD: A stream or beam of electrons is created by first boiling them off a wire and then accelerating them by having them fall through a voltage difference. This beam is projected into a magnetic field which is perpendicular to the velocity of the electrons. This magnetic field causes the electrons to bend into a circular path. The more the mass of the electrons, the harder it will be to bend them (from Newtons Second Law: Net Force = Mass times Acceleration). In particular, the value of the ratio of charge to mass (e/m) is computed from the relationships between the measured accelerating voltage difference, V, the magnetic field, B, and the radius of the circular path which the electron beam decribes, r. THEORY: The size of the charge on an electron, called the fundamental charge e, and the charge to mass ratio, e/m, can be measured with high accuracy, but the mass cannot. (Can you think of a way to measure the mass of an electron?) However, by combining values of e and e/m, an accurate value of m can be determined. The intent of this experiment is not to try to improve upon the currently accepted value of 1.75890 x 1011 C/kg for e/m. Rather, it is to gain some insight in the relationships that govern the interactions of electrically charged particles with electric and magnetic fields. From the definition of the magnetic field B, the magnitude of the force acting on a particle with an absolute value of charge e that is moving with velocity v perpendicular to the direction of the field is given by . (1) Since the direction of this force is always perpendicular to the velocity vector, it follows that the force