compositionofthe大气c u，奇科（ compositionofthe atmosphere- c s u, chico）.docVIP

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compositionofthe大气c u，奇科（ compositionofthe atmosphere- c s u, chico）.doc

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compositionofthe大气c u，奇科（ compositionofthe atmosphere- c s u, chico）

Composition of the Atmosphere The atmosphere is a mixture of gases. Take a deep breath. Quick, name the gases you have just inhaled. Most people think of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Now study Figure 16.4 on p. 450 of the textbook. Surprise! The air is over 78% nitrogen (N2). We dont hear much about nitrogen because it has no direct importance to our lives, but every time we take a breath, more than 3/4 of the air molecules we inhale are nitrogen molecules. Oxygen (O2), essential for all human and animal life, makes up almost 21% of the air--not as much as most people think, but still a reasonably large percentage. The next most common gas in our atmosphere is argon (A). Argon makes up almost 1% of the atmosphere (0.93% to be exact). If youve never heard of argon before, youre not alone. Argon is a “noble” gas, which means that it doesnt react with anything and, therefore, it just floats around in the air doing nothing but taking up space. Carbon dioxide (CO2), by contrast, is very important to life on Earth. Green plants use it to make sugar which they, in turn, use to make fat, protein and other important nutrients. Carbon dioxide also plays a crucial role in regulating the temperature of the atmosphere, as we shall see later in this chapter. Yet carbon dioxide makes up an incredibly tiny proportion of the air--only 0.035%. Nitrogen, oxygen, argon and carbon dioxide are mixed together very thoroughly in the atmosphere. Any outdoor air sample you might take, anywhere in the world at any altitude, would have the same proportions of nitrogen, oxygen, argon and carbon dioxide. By contrast, water vapor--the gaseous state of water--is poorly mixed in the atmosphere. Air at low altitudes has a much higher proportion of water vapor than does air at high altitudes. In addition, the water vapor content of the air varies considerably from place to place, depending on the proximity to a water source, the temperature of the air and other complex factors. The air in a desert