c语言 8讲诉.ppt

Introduction to Computer (C Programming) Chapter 8 Structures and Unions Roadmap 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Defining a structure 8.3 Declaring structure variables 8.4 Structure initialization 8.5 Operations on structure 8.6 More complex constructions 8.7 Structure and functions 8.8 Unions 8.9 User-defined type declaration Problem 8.1 Introduction Arrays can be used to represent a group of data items that belong to the same type how can we represent a collection of data items of different types using a single name? 8.1 Introduction cont. C supports a constructed data type known as structures, a mechanism for packing data of different types. A structure is a convenient tool for handling a group of logically related data items. Structures help to organize complex data in a more meaningful way. The concept of a structure is analogous to that of a ‘record’ in many other languages. 8.2 Defining a structure Unlike arrays, structures must be defined first for their format that may be used later to declare structure variables. 8.2 Defining a structure cont. In defining a structure you may note the following syntax: 1. The template is terminated with a semicolon. 2. While the entire definition is considered as a statement, each member is declared independently for its name and type in a separate inside the template. 3. The tag name such as date can be used to declare structure variables of its type, later in the program. 8.3 Declaring structure variables A structure variable declaration is similar to the declaration of variables of any other data types. It includes the following elements: 1. The keyword struct. 2. The structure tag name. 3. List of variable names separated by commas. 4. A terminating semicolon. Example: struct student std1, std2, std3; 8.3 Declaring structure variables cont. The complete declaration is: 8.4 Structure Initialization Like any other data type, a structure variable can be initialized at compile time. C language does not permit the