outlinesofphilosophyofeducation(2012届)..docVIP

前言： 1. 答案仅供参考（我和卓立整的+师兄师姐的答案），部分题目和上届有差； 2. 记得背point，一句一句背很辛苦； 3. 水表已卸，节操已碎； 4. 此份整理不同于其他答案之处是有encoding的过程，其中有我自己的解读； 5．传说学霸能把老师说的毛线织成毛衣，我能织成的充其量是条围巾，不足之处，欢迎拍砖，欢迎探讨。#越分享 越进步#； 6. 答题务必有理论支撑，自圆其说什么的都是骗小孩的。 1. The Republic (excerpt): The allegory of cave. What do the images in the cave stand for? What is Plato’s understanding of the nature of education? The cave is the region accessible to sight or perception.(看到的感觉到的世界，没有理性思考的过程) The world outside and above the cave is the intelligible region, accessible not to perception but to reasoning. (外部世界：可以通过理性思考被理解的世界) The upward journey out of the cave into daylight is the souls ascent to the intelligible realm. (出洞：灵魂上升到一个可以理解、思考的境界) Shadows on the wall stand for the notions of things that people have in their minds, notions that are more or less closely related to the things of which they are notions. (墙上的投影：人们脑子里已有的观念，可能与事实相符也有可能不符) 有些事情是你脑补出来的，可能有一定的事实依据但是不完全准确，比如某些人艰不拆的事实。当然有的脑补也可能是与事实相符的。 The puppets and objects from which the shadows are cast: stand for what we call real things--real rhinos, real countries with their actual living conditions, and anything else that one encounters in the world. (洞里真实存在的小狗和物体：具体的事物，真实的事物) The sun stands for the idea of goodness or the Good. (太阳：象征着绝对真理，就像女神一样)。 现在请闭眼，脑补一下女神/男神，然后再想一下以上的内容。 特别提醒：1.千万不要脑补到马克思主义哲学上去，因为是两个完全不同的体系。这里的感知指仅仅是看到听到feel到，而没有经过理性思考的东西；2.以上我使用的大部分是这样的话语：“与事实相符”，“真实”…..而不用“正确”，因为在柏拉图看来，只有太阳才是真理所在。 In conclusion: The Allegory of the Cave describes four stages through which a person has to pass to get a sound education. These stages are distinguished by what a learner is able to see. An ignorant person can see only shadows—without even suspecting that they are not real things. 洞穴理论揭示了人接受良好教育的四个阶段。区分四个阶段的关键在于人看到了什么东西。无知的人只能看到洞穴里的影子，甚至都不造这不是真的。 A fully educated person can see the shadows, the puppets that cast the shadows, the original things after which the puppets are modeled, and the sun that makes the original things visible. 但是一个受过良好教育的人可以看到影子(第一阶段)，投射影子的狗狗的