外文翻译英文..docVIP

Executive Summary Extracted from NIST NCSTAR 1-4 (Draft) Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster Active Fire Protection Systems (Draft) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In the event of a fire in a building, the safety of occupants and first responders and the protection of property is accomplished through a combination of passive and active means. A passive fire protection system is one which is an integral part of the building layout and materials of construction, such as partitions to confine the fire, a stairway to assist rapid evacuation, or spray-on fire proofing to increase the fire resistance of a load-bearing steel structure. Active fire protection systems are designed to come into play only when a fire is present and require activation through a combination of sensors or mechanical means. The active fire protection systems in World Trade Center (WTC) 1, 2, and 7 consisted of fire sensors and alarms, notification systems, sprinklers, water supplies, and smoke management systems. Active and passive fire protection systems work together to control the spread of the fire and maintain the integrity of the structure; however, the fire department is always relied upon to fully extinguish the fire and rescue occupants who may be immobilized. The automatic fire sprinkler systems in WTC 1, 2, and 7 were the first line of defense. Water stored in the building from public sources or pumped from fire apparatus was supplied through dedicated piping to the area of the fire. Also present in the buildings were hoses, preconnected to a water supply through standpipes located in the stairwells and other utility shafts. The standpipes provided hose connections at each floor for The Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY). In addition, standpipe preconnected hoses were installed for trained occupants to manually suppress fires. The heart of the fire detection system was the automatic fire alarm and emergency notification system. Occupants in t