Learning about China教学设计3.docVIP

Learning about China教学设计3 定语从句: 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。 when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于”介词+which”结构,因此常常和”介词+ which”结构交替使用,例如:There are occasions whenone must yield.? 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place whereI was born.? 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason whyhe refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗? that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和”介词+ which”引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如: His father died the yearhe was born.? 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the placehe lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一:用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错 This is the mountain village where I visited last year. I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. This is the mountain villageI visited last year. I’ll never forget the daysI spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分,也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago? A. where ?? B. that C. on which?? D. the one 例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that ?? C. on which?? D. the one 答案:例1? D, 在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既作了主句的表语,又可作从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。变为肯定句:This museum is the one you visited a few days ago. 例2? A 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum 词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用得不对,所以选A。变为肯定句:This is the museum where the exhibition was held. 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词;先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词。 限制性和非限制性定语从句 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如: This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月