PhysicsoftheTrampolineEffectbaseball,golf,tennis,.pptVIP

Physics of the Trampoline Effectbaseball, golf, tennis, ... Alan M. Nathana, Daniel Russellb, Lloyd Smithc aUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign bKettering University cWashington State University The “Trampoline” Effect:A Simple Physical Picture Two springs mutually compress each other KE ? PE ? KE PE shared between “ball spring” and “bat spring” PE stored in ball mostly dissipated PE stored in bat mostly restored Net effect: less overall energy dissipated e ? e0: the trampoline effect e0 ? COR for ball on rigid surface 1-e02 = fraction of ball PE dissipated e ? COR for ball on flexible surface 1-e2 = fraction of initial ball KE lost to ball The Essential Physics: Toy Model Numerically solve ODE to get e = vf/vi Energy lost (e1) due to... Dissipation in ball Vibrations in bat Essentially a 3-parameter problem: e0 Controls dissipation of energy stored in ball rk ? kbat/kball = PEball/PEbat Controls energy fraction stored in bat rm ? m/M f? ? ?(rk/rm) (? depends mainly on ball) Controls energy transferred to bat (vibrations) Important Results(all confirmed experimentally) Harder ball or softer bat decreases rk, increases e Nonlinear baseball: kball increases with vi ? e/e0 increases with vi e/e0 (“BPF”) decreases as e0 increases Collision time increases as rk decreases USGA pendulum test Realizing the Trampoline Effect in Baseball/Softball Bats Bending Modes vs. Hoop Modes Trampoline Effect:Softball vs. Baseball Summary Simple physical model developed for trampoline effect Model qualitatively accounts for observed phenomena with baseball/softball bats Both rk and rM are important e/e0 not a bat property independent of e0 Relative performance of bats depends on the ball! But this needs to be tested * m kball ball M kbat bat Cross (tennis, M=0) Cochran (golf) Naruo Sato (baseball) Energy Flow wood-like: rk=75 (very stiff bat) aluminum-like: rk=10 (less stiff bat) m kball ball M kbat bat Strong coupling limit: rk1, f?